Certified Nephrology Nurse Certification (CNN) Practice Exam

Osmosis in a biological context specifically refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. This process occurs when there is a difference in solute concentrations on either side of the membrane. Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water concentration) to an area of higher solute concentration (lower water concentration) in an attempt to equalize the concentrations on both sides. This is crucial for maintaining cell turgor pressure, regulating internal cell environments, and ensuring proper hydration of cells, which is particularly important in kidney function and the management of fluid balance in the body.

The other choices address different physiological processes. Inhalation of gases relates to respiration rather than the movement of water. Distribution of nutrients in the bloodstream refers to circulation and metabolism, which are not directly related to the concept of osmosis. The release of energy from glucose pertains to cellular respiration and metabolic processes, again separate from the dynamics of water transport through membranes.