Certified Nephrology Nurse Certification (CNN) Practice Exam

Dehydration leading to concentrated urine is a well-documented risk factor for developing kidney stones. When the body is dehydrated, the urine becomes more concentrated, meaning there is less fluid to dilute the waste products and minerals present in the urine. This concentration can lead to the formation of crystals, which can grow and develop into kidney stones.

Having a sufficient intake of fluids is essential in preventing stone formation, as it helps to keep urine dilute, reducing the likelihood of mineral deposits crystallizing. Concentrated urine can result from various factors, including inadequate fluid intake, excessive sweating, or certain medical conditions that affect fluid balance.

In contrast, high intake of caffeine, excessive exercise, and a low protein diet do not have the same direct impact on stone formation compared to the effects of hydration on urine concentration. While these factors may have some influence on overall kidney health or other conditions, they are not considered primary risk factors for the development of kidney stones in the same way that dehydration is.