What condition is characterized by low urine output, typically less than 400 mL per day?

The condition that is characterized by low urine output, typically less than 400 mL per day, is oliguria. Oliguria is defined as the production of urine that is less than the normal amount, which is generally considered to be under 400 mL of urine output in a 24-hour period. It can be an indication of a variety of underlying health issues, such as acute kidney injury, dehydration, or other renal pathologies, and is clinically significant as it can affect kidney function and fluid balance in the body.

This contrasts with anuria, which is a more severe form of reduced urine output where urine production falls below 100 mL per day. Polyuria, on the other hand, is characterized by excessive urine output, often greater than 2.5 to 3 liters per day, and is typically associated with conditions such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus. Urinary retention refers to the inability to fully empty the bladder, resulting in the accumulation of urine, and although it involves lower urine output during urination, it is not defined by the total volume over a day.

Understanding these definitions is crucial for identifying potential signs of kidney and urinary system health issues in a clinical setting.