What is the function of the nephron in the kidney?

The nephron, as the basic functional unit of the kidney, plays a critical role in filtering and processing blood to maintain homeostasis in the body. Each nephron is equipped with structures like the glomerulus, which filters blood, and tubules that reabsorb necessary substances while excreting waste products into urine. This intricate filtration process ensures that vital elements such as electrolytes, nutrients, and water are retained, while toxins and excess substances are eliminated.

Understanding this mechanism is crucial for nephrology nursing, as issues related to nephron function can directly impact overall kidney health and the management of various renal conditions. Nephrons are responsible for adjusting the composition and volume of blood, thus regulating fluid balance, but their primary function remains the filtration and processing of blood into urine. This foundational role underscores the importance of the nephron in renal physiology and its implications for patient care.