What is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States?

Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States, accounting for approximately 44% of all cases. This condition leads to diabetic nephropathy, characterized by damage to the kidneys due to prolonged high blood glucose levels. The resultant microvascular changes, including glomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration, eventually lead to progressive kidney damage and loss of function.

The association between diabetes and renal impairment is significant, especially as the prevalence of diabetes has increased markedly over the years. Proper management of blood sugar levels can slow the progression of kidney disease; however, once significant damage has occurred, the risk of evolving to ESRD is greatly heightened.

This underscores the importance of careful monitoring and management of patients with diabetes to prevent complications that can lead to renal failure. Understanding the implications of diabetes on kidney function is crucial for nephrology nurses and highlights the need for education and intervention strategies in this population.