Which imaging study is often used to evaluate renal anatomy and pathology?

Ultrasound is commonly utilized as an initial imaging study to evaluate renal anatomy and pathology due to its non-invasive nature, lack of ionizing radiation, and ability to provide real-time imaging. It allows for the visualization of kidney structure, assessment of kidney size, detection of masses or cysts, and evaluation of renal blood flow. Additionally, ultrasound is particularly useful for assessing conditions such as hydronephrosis and renal artery stenosis.

While other imaging modalities like CT scans, X-rays, and MRIs can provide detailed images of the kidneys and surrounding structures, ultrasound is favored for its practicality in many clinical settings. CT scans offer excellent detail and can evaluate for stones or tumors, but they involve radiation exposure. X-rays provide limited information about soft tissue structures like the kidneys, and while MRI is highly detailed and valuable in certain cases, it is often not the first-line imaging modality due to cost and accessibility concerns in outpatient settings. Therefore, ultrasound stands out as a primary tool for renal evaluation in many situations.