Which test is used to assess acid-base balance in the body?

The arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is the primary test used to assess acid-base balance in the body. This test measures the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) in the blood, as well as the pH, which indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the blood. By determining these parameters, healthcare providers can evaluate a patient’s respiratory and metabolic status and identify conditions such as respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, or metabolic alkalosis.

In comparison, while the basic metabolic panel provides valuable information regarding electrolyte levels and kidney function, it does not specifically measure pH or the gases necessary to analyze acid-base balance. The complete blood count primarily focuses on the components of blood such as red and white blood cells and platelets, making it unsuitable for evaluating acid-base status. Similarly, liver function tests assess liver health and its ability to process substances, rather than directly measuring factors related to acid-base balance. Therefore, the ABG analysis is the most appropriate and specific test for assessing acid-base balance.